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Understanding the Nature of Sport Phenomenologically
by Philip Walsh, 
University of California, Irvine 

Phenomenology is the study of conscious experience, as it is experienced from the first-person perspective.  Thus, this paper does not address physiological or neural processes, nor does it attempt to account for the value of sport by assigning it a unique social or economic function.  Instead, I develop a taxonomy of human activity that defines sport as an inextricable union of skillful bodily practice and game.  This means that some activities that we typically call "sports" (track, swimming, climbing) are not as "pure" of sports as others (basketball, soccer, tennis).  Some may view this as a value judgment regarding which sports are "better" than others, but this is not my intention.  Regardless of how we choose to use the term 'sport', my taxonomy reveals real differences, which I explicate through phenomenological analysis.  I argue that sport is a kind of bodily thinking.  Athletes solve problems through skillful bodily movements that are motivated by the horizon of meaning constituted by a game scenario.  Wielding the body in this manner lies somewhere between autonomous action and being unintentionally impelled.  This analysis lays the conceptual groundwork for thinking about how different sports elicit different kinds of emotional responses from both the athletes and the audience.

 



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